Clock Drawing Test
Moving forward, an unanswered question is what the durability of the CDT will be as the digital generation, many of whom never look at a clock, ages - John J. Miller MD
image by: Mrr Sarii
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Half Past Dementia
Draw a clock. Start with a round face. Make sure it’s large enough for all the numbers. Then, add hands, setting the time to ten after eleven. Those are typical instructions for a clock drawing test, a widely-used clinical technique for evaluating cognitive impairment and screening for dementia. The task can be done with just pen and paper in minutes, and usually patients don’t mind being asked to take it up. “As a cognitive screening test generally, especially for dementia, it has a lot of advantages,” says Kenneth Shulman, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Toronto’s Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, who helped develop and popularize clock drawing for that purpose. “It’s easy,…
Resources
The Clock-Drawing Test
One of the most informative yet easy to administer tests for assessing brain dysfunction is the Clock-Drawing Test (CDT). It takes less than a minute and can serve as an excellent screening tool for cognitive impairment, dementia, and brain insults of many types. The range of neurological disorders that the CDT can help to diagnose and/or follow over time include Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, traumatic brain injury, cerebral vascular disease, unilateral neglect, focal cerebral lesions, strokes of different etiologies, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, and delirium.
How the Clock-Drawing Test Screens for Dementia
The clock-drawing test (CDT) is a simple tool used to check for signs of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. It is often used in combination with other screening tests but can provide valuable clues on its own.
The Clock Drawing Task: Common Errors and Functional Neuroanatomy
Clock-drawing is a simple and effective test for assessing functional neuropsychiatric status. In this extensive review, the authors provide detailed information on processing and interpreting results of this "bedside" task, showing specific examples of difficulties noted and their diagnostic implications. As a complement to the MMSE, clock-drawing can yield predictive data in cases as varied as stroke, TBI, and hepatic encephalopathy.
The Clock Drawing Test versus Mini-mental Status Examination as a Screening Tool for Dementia: A Clinical Comparison
This review looks at the two most commonly used tests in dementia screening, namely, the clock drawing test (CDT) and the mini-mental status examination (MMSE). Both these tests have been used in dementia screening over the past three decades and have been the subject of scrutiny of various studies, reviews, and meta-analysis. Both these tests are analyzed on their ability to assess dementia and screen for it in the community, general practice and general hospital settings.
The Clock Drawing Test: A review of its accuracy in screening for dementia
In conclusion, studies which tested the accuracy of the CDT in dementia screening have shown that the CDT may be scored reliably with a variety of scales and that it accurately discriminates cognitively unimpaired patients from patients showing early cognitive decline. Therefore, present evidence suggests the CDT may be used as a single screening test when there are time constraints, or be applied as part of larger assessment protocols.
Half Past Dementia
Drawing a clock has become a standard test of cognitive impairment, but there’s no consensus on who should do it or how.
Clock Drawing Test
Screening test for cognitive dysfunction secondary to dementia, delirium, or a range of neurological and psychiatric illnesses.
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