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Horseshoe Crabs And Endotoxins

With over 4 billion people... having received a Covid-19 vaccination, the human race owes a huge debt to countless researchers, healthcare workers and volunteers. Many of us would not be aware, however, that we also owe a debt of gratitude to a 450-million-year-old living fossil! Meet the weird looking Horseshoe crab – a creature that ‘arrived on the scene’ 100 million years before the dinosaurs, isn’t actually a crab and has blue blood...

These crabs have a very open circulatory system and swim in a bacterial rich environment. As such they are very susceptible to bacterial invasion and unlike warm blooded creatures, they cannot raise their temperature to kill of an infection. Instead,…

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 Contamination In the Jabs - Despite Sacrificing Crabs for Public HELLth - Part One

Despite the very sensitive and controversial LAL test made out of blue blood from the horseshoe crab, Pfizer shots have been contaminated with endotoxins. How can this be?

 Extreme Toxicity of Endotoxins in Pfizer Jabs

Pfizer uses Bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli, to manufacture the DNA used to make the mRNA in their jabs. E coli make Endotoxins that are in the final jab vials.

Articles of Interest

Regarding Endotoxin

LPS is best known for its inflammation- inducing activity which result in fevers and pains. At high concentration in circulation, it can trigger septic shock.

Endotoxin is a potent trigger of the sepsis cascade

Endotoxin, also referred to as Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria, is one of the main triggers of the pathogenesis of septic shock and multiple organ failure. Its entry into the bloodstream stimulates monocytes/macrophages that, once activated, produce and release cytokines such as TNF and IL-6, nitric oxide and other mediators that induce systemic inflammation, endothelial damage, hypotension (shock), and multiple organ dysfunction.

Endotoxins & Vaccines, a Challenging World

Endotoxins are heat-stable lipopolysaccharides from Gram-negative bacteria and are potential contaminants that can be introduced during the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products, including vaccines. Parenteral pharmaceutical products must undergo endotoxin testing since endotoxins are pyrogenic in humans and can induce severe physiological reactions.

Endotoxins: the uninvited guests in the land of biomaterials

Endotoxins, or lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are characteristic components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, where they provide protection and structural integrity. They are large molecules, consisting of three main units: a lipid head (lipid A); an oligosaccharide (core); and a sequence of repetitive subunits (O-specific antigen). Disruption of this membrane, which can be caused by cell growth, division or death, causes large amounts of LPS to be released in the environment. Consequently, endotoxins are EVERYWHERE, making them contaminants that are hard to avoid.

Horseshoe Crabs and Vaccine Safety Testing

U.S. regulatory policies for vaccine safety testing lag behind the science, resulting in a reliance on the blood of the horseshoe crab.

Lipopolysaccharide Endotoxins

Lipopolysaccharides typically consist of a hydrophobic domain known as lipid A (or endotoxin), a non-repeating “core” oligosaccharide, and a distal polysaccharide (or O-antigen). The flood of recent genomic data has made it possible to study lipopolysaccharide assembly in diverse Gram-negative bacteria, many of which are human or plant pathogens, and to create mutants or hybrid constructs with novel properties

The Race for a Coronavirus Vaccine Runs on Horseshoe Crab Blood

Humans owe a debt to the strange-looking, ancient horseshoe crab. Its blue blood is used in medicine to ensure that anything that gets injected or implanted into the human body is free of potential bacterial contamination. A special compound in the crab’s blood quickly clots in the presence of endotoxins, microbial byproducts that can be harmful, supplying a perfect natural test for purity.

The role of endotoxin in septic shock

Septic shock can be caused by a variety of mechanisms including direct effects of bacterial toxins such as endotoxin. Annually, approximately 5–7 million patients worldwide develop sepsis with very high endotoxin activity in the blood and more than half die. The term endotoxic septic shock has been used for these patients but it is important to emphasize that endotoxin may be a factor in all forms of septic shock including non-bacterial etiologies like COVID-19 since translocation of bacterial products is a common feature of septic shock

What are Endotoxins (LPS)

Endotoxins were discovered by Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer. He named them endotoxins, in opposition with exotoxins, which are toxins that are released by bacteria into the surrounding environment. In his opinion the endotoxins could release their toxins only after the cell wall of the bacteria was destroyed (which was proven later that is not necessarily true).

What are endotoxins?

Endotoxins are the main component of the outer membrane of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. Typically, the term endotoxin is used synonymously with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), despite the fact that a few endotoxins are not LPS. The main function of endotoxins in bacteria is structural and protective.