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 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP)

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) can be caused by nearly any organic antigen and selected chemicals. These are often named separately (e.g., farmer's lung, hot tub lung) but they are fundamentally similar. Among hospitalized patients, HP will tend to subside over time. However, if unrecognized, the disease will flare when patients return to the causative environment (whether that is their home or occupation).

Articles of Interest

Diagnosis, course and management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a complex and heterogeneous interstitial lung disease (ILD) that occurs when susceptible individuals develop an exaggerated immune response to an inhaled antigen.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a complex syndrome caused by the inhalation of a variety of antigens in susceptible and sensitized individuals. These antigens are found in the environment, mostly derived from bird proteins and fungi. The prevalence and incidence of HP vary widely depending on the intensity of exposure, the geographical area and the local climate. Immunopathologically,

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Insights in Diagnosis and Pathobiology

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a complex syndrome resulting from repeated exposure to a variety of organic particles. HP may present as acute, subacute, or chronic clinical forms but with frequent overlap of these various forms. An intriguing question is why only few of the exposed individuals develop the disease.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Current concepts and future questions

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis) caused by inhaled allergens can progress to disabling or even fatal end-stage lung disease. The only truly effective treatment is early recognition and control of exposure. Although patients produce antibody exuberantly, the immunopathogenesis involves cellular immunity—notably, CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes, multinucleate giant cell granulomas, and ultimately interstitial fibrosis.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Current concepts in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immune-mediated interstitial lung disease (ILD) caused by an inhalational exposure to low-molecular weight compounds, which occurs in susceptible individuals. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis may present in two forms: acute, predominantly inflammatory HP (non-fibrotic HP), and chronic or fibrotic HP (fibrotic HP).

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is one of the most common interstitial lung diseases (ILD), that presents unique challenges for a confident diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. The disease is triggered by exposure to a wide variety of inciting antigens in susceptible individuals which results in T-cell hyperactivation and bronchioloalveolar inflammation.

What is hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) affects thousands people in the UK. It is caused when an immune response occurs in the lungs following exposure to a substance in the workplace or home.

Resources

Radiopaedia

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, previously known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis, represents a group of immune-mediated pulmonary disorders characterized by an inflammatory and/or fibrotic reaction affecting the lung parenchyma and small airways. Its diagnosis relies on a constellation of findings: exposure to an offending antigen, characteristic signs and symptoms, abnormal chest findings on physical examination, and abnormalities on pulmonary function tests and radiographic evaluation.

StatPearls

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) classified as an interstitial lung disease is characterized by a complex immunological reaction of the lung parenchyma in response to repetitive inhalation of a sensitized allergen. Since these initial observations, numerous exposures have been described from all over the world that causes HP.