Hyperleukocytosis

The pathogenesis of hyperleukocytosis is still unclear - Dongdong Zhang

Hyperleukocytosis
Hyperleukocytosis

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The White Count: Acute Hyperleukocytosis and Leukostasis

Hyperleukocytosis is arbitrarily defined as a WBC count greater than 100,000/ µL. Although there a few conditions that can present with elevated WBCs, hematologic malignancy tends to be the major cause of such an extremely elevated value. Hyperleukocytosis can be from a severe leukemoid reaction, which is when the WBC count is greater than 50,000/ µL in patients in whom leukemia has been ruled out. This can occur in infections (typically Clostridium difficile and disseminated tuberculosis), carcinomas, or severe hemorrhages. However, as mentioned, WBC counts higher than 100,000 is most prevalent in hematologic malignancies, mainly in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)...

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 The White Count: Acute Hyperleukocytosis and Leukostasis

In order to distinguish between leukemic and non-leukemic causes of hyperleukocytosis, a peripheral blood smear with a manual count should be done in addition to the necessary blood work and imaging. A significant presence of blasts makes a hematologic malignancy more likely. It is important to do a manual count because automated counters can erroneously count nucleated RBCs as leukocytes.

WikEM

Hyperleukocytosis is lab abnormality of WBC >50-100K. Blood viscosity increases. Leukostasis is symptomatic hyperleukocytosis; it is a medical emergency

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