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Literature review of Diabetes noninvasive screening tools for previously undiagnosed. Scoping review

Diabetes is a severe chronic disease that needs due attention. Worldwide distribution of the disease is increasing in alarming trend marked by its pandemic nature. Numerous people are disabled and dead due to the complexity of the disease and its management... The current Diabetes screening method is invasive, provided that scarcity of resources and high cost of test kit makes it nonpractical to frequently checkup. We must proactively engage in its prevention by making screening cheap and easily accessible.

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Articles of Interest

Test2Prevent

IDF has created an online diabetes risk assessment which aims to predict an individual’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes within the next ten years. The test is based on the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) developed and designed by Adj. Prof Jaana Lindstrom and Prof. Jaakko Tuomilehto from the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.

Diabetes Risk Score

Our 60-second type 2 diabetes risk test.

Do I Have Prediabetes?

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A mobile platform for non-invasive diabetes screening

As a possible alternative for diabetes screening, our group has designed a mobile platform that integrates various non-invasive tests for diabetes including clinical questionnaires, thermal imaging, iris imaging, retina imaging and photoplethysmography.

A preliminary screening system for diabetes based on in-car electronic nose

Studies have found differences in the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the breath of diabetics and healthy people, prompting attention to the use of devices such as electronic noses to detect diabetes. In this study, we explored the design of a non-invasive diabetes preliminary screening system that uses a homemade electronic nose sensor array to detect respiratory gas markers.

Non-Invasive Diabetes Screening

Glyconics’ chief medical officer, Päivi Maria Paldánius, PhD, said: “Diabetes kills prematurely more people than breast cancer and prostate cancer combined every year and is a major cause of debilitating, severe complications such as blindness, heart attack, and stroke. Although early detection is recommended, mass screening for diabetes is not implemented as it currently necessitates invasive blood sampling, tons of single-use plastics, and complex, costly operations.

Noninvasive Optical Screening for Diabetes

The noninvasive technology for the measurement of AGEs using dermal fluorescence shows promise as a tool for early detection of AGT. It offers a valuable combination of accuracy and convenience. No blood draws are required, and the results are available quickly while the patient is still in the office. Significantly, it can be used on nonfasting patients. This may make it well suited for opportunistic screening of at-risk individuals.

Noninvasive Type 2 Diabetes Screening: Superior sensitivity to fasting plasma glucose and A1C

The noninvasive technology showed clinical performance advantages over both FPG and A1C testing. The sensitivity differential indicated that the noninvasive device is capable of identifying 28.8% more individuals in the OGTT-defined positive screening class than FPG testing and 17.1% more than A1C testing. The combination of higher sensitivity and greater convenience—rapid results with no fasting or blood draws—makes the device well suited for opportunistic screening.

Novel Noninvasive Breath Test Method for Screening Individuals at Risk for Diabetes

These results suggest that this novel breath test method may assist in recognition of pre-diabetes or early-stage diabetes in at-risk persons without the need for invasive blood sampling, thus making it an attractive option for large-scale testing of at-risk populations, such as children.

The Diabetes Risk Score

The Diabetes Risk Score has been designed to be a screening tool for identifying high-risk subjects in the population and for increasing awareness of the modifiable risk factors and healthy lifestyle. Filling in the Diabetes Risk Score may encourage a person who gets a high value to have his/her blood glucose measured. In principle, however, no glucose testing is necessary to decide what should be done if the Diabetes Risk Score value is determined to be high, because such individuals will benefit from improvements in their lifestyle regardless their glucose levels.

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